Submarine Cable Map

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Panama

ISO Code: PAN

7

Landing Points

9

Cables

21

Connected

182

Reachable

1.6

Redundancy

gateway

Role

Directly Connected Countries

Aruba Argentina Bahamas Belize Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Curaçao Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Peru Turks and Caicos Islands United States Venezuela Virgin Islands (U.K.)Virgin Islands (U.S.)

Cables

ARCOS13 countries Carnival Submarine Network-1 (CSN-1)4 countries Curie2 countries MANTA3 countries Pacific Caribbean Cable System (PCCS)6 countries Pan-American Crossing (PAC)3 countries PanAm South1 countries South American Crossing (SAC)7 countries TAM-17 countries

Landing Points

Maria Chiquita, Panama

4 cables

Ustupo, Panama

1 cables

Cristóbal, Panama

1 cables

Panama City, Panama

2 cables

Balboa, Panama

2 cables

Fort Amador, Panama

2 cables

Colón, Panama

1 cables

182

Reachable Countries

1.6

Redundancy Score

182

Transit Dependencies

Low Redundancy Destinations

Exact bounded path counts are shown for selected direct and nearby destinations. Other destinations use approximate representative counts. 22 exact · 160 approximate

Turks and Caicos Islands

Virgin Islands (U.K.)

French Polynesia

Transit Dependencies

Score emphasizes lost reachable countries first, then lost representative paths, nearby destinations, and direct-neighbor exposure.

3 countries lost · 3 representative paths · 0 nearby

2 countries lost · 6 representative paths · 1 nearby

2 countries lost · 2 representative paths · 1 nearby

Congo, Dem. Rep.

2 countries lost · 2 representative paths · 0 nearby

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

Concentration

These are structural concentration measures from the country-topology graph. They do not represent traffic, latency, or capacity share.

44%

Top LP Share

62%

Top Gateway Share

96%

Top Cable Share

0.36

LP HHI

0.45

Gateway HHI

4.07

Cable HHI

Top Landing Points

Maria Chiquita, Panama44%

Balboa, Panama22%

Fort Amador, Panama22%

Panama City, Panama22%

Colón, Panama11%

Top Gateway Countries

United States62%Mexico21%Colombia10%Bahamas8%Costa Rica7%

Cable Failure Impact

ARCOS failure

Loses: Bahamas, Belize, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Turks and Caicos Islands

Pacific Caribbean Cable System (PCCS) failure

Loses: Aruba, Virgin Islands (U.K.)

South American Crossing (SAC) failure

Loses: Argentina, Brazil, Peru

Landing Point Failure Impact

Maria Chiquita, Panama failure

Loses 4 cables

Loses: Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, United States, Virgin Islands (U.S.)

Panama City, Panama failure

Loses 2 cables

Loses: Ecuador

Balboa, Panama failure

Loses 2 cables

Loses: Chile, United States

Fort Amador, Panama failure

Loses 2 cables

Loses: Costa Rica, Mexico, United States

Top Combinations From Bounded Candidate Search

Results come from bounded candidate search, not exhaustive N-2 enumeration. Evaluated 5 cable candidates and 5 landing-point candidates before ranking blocked-state recomputations. 10 cable-pair · 10 landing-point-pair · 25 mixed-pair evaluations

Cable pair

arcos + carnival-submarine-network-1-csn-1

3 lost direct countries

Cable pair

arcos + curie

3 lost direct countries

Cable pair

arcos + pacific-caribbean-cable-system-pccs

3 lost direct countries

Landing point pair

balboa-panama + coln-panama

0 lost direct countries

Landing point pair

balboa-panama + panama-city-panama

0 lost direct countries

Role

gateway

Panama acts as a gateway because its network-relative degree, reach, or gateway-share signal is elevated; the gateway-share signal is around the 63th percentile.

Role labels are network-relative classifications derived from degree, reachable-country count, bridge coverage, and gateway concentration within the country-topology graph.

21

Degree

182

Reachable

0

Bridge Pairs

0%

Bridge Coverage

Bridge Dependencies

No strong local bridge dependencies detected.