Submarine Cable Map

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Madagascar

ISO Code: MDG

4

Landing Points

5

Cables

35

Connected

182

Reachable

1.6

Redundancy

gateway

Role

Directly Connected Countries

Angola United Arab Emirates Bahrain Côte d'Ivoire Congo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Comoros Djibouti Egypt Spain France Gabon United Kingdom Ghana Greece India Iraq Italy Kenya Kuwait Mozambique Mauritius Nigeria Oman Pakistan Portugal Qatar Réunion Saudi Arabia Sudan Senegal Somalia Seychelles Tanzania South Africa

Cables

2Africa33 countries Djibouti Africa Regional Express 1 (DARE 1)6 countries Eastern Africa Submarine System (EASSy)8 countries Lower Indian Ocean Network (LION)2 countries Meltingpot Indianoceanic Submarine System (METISS)3 countries

Landing Points

Mahajanga, Madagascar

2 cables

Toliara, Madagascar

2 cables

Toamasina, Madagascar

1 cables

Fort Dauphin, Madagascar

1 cables

182

Reachable Countries

1.6

Redundancy Score

182

Transit Dependencies

Low Redundancy Destinations

Exact bounded path counts are shown for selected direct and nearby destinations. Other destinations use approximate representative counts. 22 exact · 160 approximate

Transit Dependencies

Score emphasizes lost reachable countries first, then lost representative paths, nearby destinations, and direct-neighbor exposure.

3 countries lost · 3 representative paths · 0 nearby

Congo, Dem. Rep.

2 countries lost · 6 representative paths · 2 nearby · 1 direct

2 countries lost · 6 representative paths · 2 nearby · 1 direct

2 countries lost · 6 representative paths · 1 nearby

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby · 1 direct

1 countries lost · 5 representative paths · 1 nearby

Concentration

These are structural concentration measures from the country-topology graph. They do not represent traffic, latency, or capacity share.

40%

Top LP Share

27%

Top Gateway Share

99%

Top Cable Share

0.40

LP HHI

0.16

Gateway HHI

1.05

Cable HHI

Top Landing Points

Mahajanga, Madagascar40%

Toliara, Madagascar40%

Fort Dauphin, Madagascar20%

Toamasina, Madagascar20%

Top Gateway Countries

France27%Angola19%Bahrain16%Djibouti11%United Kingdom10%

Cable Failure Impact

2Africa failure

Loses: Angola, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Côte d'Ivoire, Congo, Dem. Rep., Congo, Rep., Egypt, Spain, France, Gabon, United Kingdom, Ghana, Greece, India, Iraq, Italy, Kuwait, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles

Landing Point Failure Impact

Mahajanga, Madagascar failure

Loses 2 cables

Loses: Angola, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Côte d'Ivoire, Congo, Dem. Rep., Congo, Rep., Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Spain, France, Gabon, United Kingdom, Ghana, Greece, India, Iraq, Italy, Kenya, Kuwait, Mozambique, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, Seychelles, Tanzania, South Africa

Toliara, Madagascar failure

Loses 2 cables

Loses: Comoros, Djibouti, Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, South Africa

Toamasina, Madagascar failure

Loses 1 cable

Loses: Mauritius, Réunion

Fort Dauphin, Madagascar failure

Loses 1 cable

Loses: Mauritius, Réunion, South Africa

Top Combinations From Bounded Candidate Search

Results come from bounded candidate search, not exhaustive N-2 enumeration. Evaluated 5 cable candidates and 4 landing-point candidates before ranking blocked-state recomputations. 10 cable-pair · 6 landing-point-pair · 20 mixed-pair evaluations

Cable pair

2africa + djibouti-africa-regional-express-1-dare-1

0 lost direct countries

Cable pair

2africa + eastern-africa-submarine-system-eassy

0 lost direct countries

Cable pair

2africa + lower-indian-ocean-network-lion

0 lost direct countries

Landing point pair

fort-dauphin-madagascar + toamasina-madagascar

0 lost direct countries

Landing point pair

mahajanga-madagascar + fort-dauphin-madagascar

0 lost direct countries

Role

gateway

Madagascar acts as a gateway because its network-relative degree, reach, or gateway-share signal is elevated; the gateway-share signal is around the 16th percentile.

Role labels are network-relative classifications derived from degree, reachable-country count, bridge coverage, and gateway concentration within the country-topology graph.

35

Degree

182

Reachable

0

Bridge Pairs

0%

Bridge Coverage

Bridge Dependencies

No strong local bridge dependencies detected.